Allah speaks about Atom in the Quran. Science proves today that smallest mass is not of an atom, but its Miracle of Quran that declares it years before. Science pass through long journey to find these scientific facts:
Scientific History- Journey of Atom to String
Ancient Greek (early bc)
The ancient Greeks considered that all matter was made up of four basic elements. Earth, Fire, Air and Water. This was the base of the continuum model, Which predicts that matter can always be broken into smaller pieces regardless of breaking it number of times.
John Dalton (1803)
Dalton findings were that the atoms were tiny, invisible and indestructible particles and that each one had a specific size, mass, and chemical behaviour. That determined what kind of element they were.
Joseph John Thompson (1904)
He discovered an atom as a round ball of positive charge with negatively charged electrons embedded in it. His model was known as the plum pudding model.
Ernest Rutherford (1911)
He presented the nuclear model of the atom. In which most of the mass is thought to be in a small positive nucleus, which is surrounded by a large space. This space is thought to be occupied by negative electrons.
Niels Bohr (1913)
Bohr modified the nuclear atomic model and proposed that electrons can only travel along specific pathways around the nucleus called orbits. He concludes that due to the electrons moving from higher to lower orbits and emitting coloured light in the process.
James Chadwick (1932)
He discovered the neutron, showing that the nucleus contains not only positive charge protons but also neutral neutrons. This model is known as the planetary model with neutrons.
Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig(1964)
Two physicists separately proposed the existence of the subatomic particles known as quarks. This meant that protons and neutrons weren’t fundamental anymore.
Superstring theory
This is the fundamental idea of string theory that the electrons and quarks that make up all the matter in our universe are not zero-dimensional objects, but one-dimensional strings. These strings oscillate, giving the particles their charge, mass, spin, and flavour. Just as the different vibrations from a guitar string produce different frequencies of the pitch, different oscillations of superstrings produce different qualities for subatomic particles.
Quran Concluding all Theories: Atom in the Quran
Atom in the Quran: not smallest Particle
Surely, Allah is the cleaver of grain and nuclei. He brings the living out of the dead and brings the dead out of the living. That is Allah; so how are you deluded?
6:95
The word for Nucleus in Arabic is “Nawat نواة“. Its plural is “Nawa نَّوَىٰ” means nuclei. So the Quran says that Allah splits the nucleus. It indicates the miracle of Quran. Allah discloses 1400 years before that the atom is not the smallest particle of matter.
Smallest Mass is not of Atom
And, [O Muhammad], you are not [involved] in any matter or recite any of the Quran, and you do not do any act except that We are witness over you when you [people] are involved in it. And not absent from your Lord is any [part] of an atom’s weight within the earth or the heaven or smaller than that or greater but that it is in a clear register.
Quran 10:61
So the atom does not has the smallest mass, as Allah says nothing is absent from his observance no matter its mass is less than an atom. Today we know from String Theory that the smallest weight is the mass of a string.
Smallest Mass is the Mass of a String
Have you not noticed those who claim themselves to be pure? Rather, Allah purifies whom He wills, and injustice is not done to them, as much as a thread.
Quran 4:49
Fateel فَتِيلً means wick (thread). The single vibration of the string determines its mass. So the Quran declares it 1400 year before, but science is proving today such facts.
Smallest Mass is the Single Vibration of a String
But whoever works righteous, whether male or female, and is believer, those will enter Paradise, and will not be wronged by a pluck.
Quran 4:124
Nakara نقر means pluck. The string of a musical instrument is “Nakir”نقر. Nakir نقير means vibrations of a string. In this verse, Nakiran نَقِيرًا means a single vibration of a string. So in the Quran, the smallest mass is the single vibration of a string.
In this verse, the smallest mass is pluck, and in the previous verse, the smallest particle is a wick. Both verses are describing the same smallest particle. Today we know what it is, and this is a vibrating string. Subhan Allah, scientists, are struggling for decades to come to the reality of atom. But Allah the Superior, Creator of the atom explains it in one sentence.
